John Campbell's List of Studies On Natural Immunity
John Campbell's List of Studies On Natural Immunity
He is Amazing, and Should Be Given an Honorary Everything.
I’ve watched John Campbell review all things related to COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic. He has proven to be 100% unbiased and willing to represent the evidence as well as he understands it.
His first video on Coronavirus aired Jan 26, 2020. He now has 1.2M viewers on YouTube - with endless videos, one or two per day, he has covered nearly every aspect of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2.
In this video, he reviews the scientific evidence of natural immunity, which he says “seems good and long-lasting and cheap, lots of evidence below.”
He expansion collection of links and annotations are provided below for those looking for resources on evidence of natural immunity.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(21)00676-9/fulltext
Biological studies
Dan et al (2021) Science, Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abf4063
95% of participants tested retained immune memory at about 6 months after having COVID-19
More than 90% of participants had CD4+ T-cell memory at 1 month,
and 6–8 months after having COVID-19
Wang et al (2021) Science, Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants
https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abh1766
Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an ancestral variant produce antibodies that cross-neutralize emerging variants of concern with high potency
Epidemiological studies
Hansen et al (2021) Lancet, Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00575-4/fulltext
People who had had COVID-19 previously were around 80·5% protected against reinfection
Pilz et al (2021) European Journal of Clinical Investigation, SARS-CoV-2 re-infection risk in Austria
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eci.13520
Sheehan et al (2021) Clinical Infectious Diseases, Reinfection rates among patients who previously tested positive for COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/73/10/1882/6170939
Shrestha et al (2021) Preprint, Necessity of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected individuals
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.21258176v3
Retrospective cohort study in the USA,
People who had had COVID-19 previously were 100% protected against reinfection
Gazit et al (2021) Preprint, Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-induced immunity: reinfections versus breakthrough infections
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.21262415v1
Kojima et al (2021) Preprint, Incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection among previously infected or vaccinated employees
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.21259976v2
Laboratory staff routinely screened for SARS-CoV-2, people who had had COVID-19 previously were 100% protected against reinfection
Clinical studies
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00675-9/fulltext
Large, multicenter, prospective cohort study
Previous COVID-19 diagnosis, 84% decreased risk of infection
Letizia et al (2021) Lancet, Respiratory Medicine, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and subsequent infection risk in healthy young adults: a prospective cohort study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(21)00158-2/fulltext
Prospective cohort of US Marines.
Seropositive young adults were 82% protected against reinfection
Adnan et al (2021) Clinical Infectious Diseases, Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Patients Undergoing Serial Laboratory Testing
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/74/2/294/6251701
N = 9,119, serial tests
Reinfection rates, 0.7%
So
Risk of repeat SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased by 80·5–100% among those who had had COVID-19
Protection from reinfection is strong and persists for more than 10 months of follow-up, (Hansen et al 2021 Lancet)
Turner, et al Nature, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03647-4?amp%3Bcode=7bafb609-23c2-4665-804b
Madhuumita et al, Plos One, T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0245532
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces specific and durable T-cell immunity,
Nina et al, (2020) Nature, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z?flip=true
Memory B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1·3 and 6·2 months after infection, which is consistent with longer-term protection
Some people who have recovered from COVID-19 might not benefit from COVID-19 vaccination
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255670v1
One study found that previous COVID-19 was associated with increased adverse events following vaccination with Pfizer
https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(21)00277-2/fulltext
In Switzerland, proof of recovered infection, in the past 12 months are considered equally protected as fully vaccinated,
Thank you, John!
Oddly, right after omicron showed up he started pushing vaccination. Hard.
Campbell is the embodiment of controlled opposition. Anyone in his right mind would look at the Yellow Card reports and/or EudraVigilance data, and come up with mea culpa. He should have done so a year ago. Campbell´s aspiration-or-not ploy was a perfect red herring, drawing attention away from the substance of the matter. He lacks integrity, unlike Dr. McCullough who, on the strength of medical evidence, has gone all the way from fairly naive to wide-awake as to the state of affairs.