Five Studies on mRNA Vaccine Spike Protein Pathogenicity. Share With Your Doctor.
Ignore the "Fact Checker" Opinion Web Sites. Here's a Collection of Resources on Spike Protein Pathogenicity for Your Use. Add Your Own in the Comments.
Don’t believe the opinion blog article websites that tout themselves as “Fact-Checkers” when all they do is cite so-called “experts” who offer zero evidence and only provide their subjective, and in many cases, misleading, opinions.
This is a short collection of studies that show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein itself is pathogenic. These are just a sample. Remember: putting a spike protein into the human body by injection does not magically change its ability to cause disease: pathogenicity.
“Our in vitro V(D)J reporter assay shows that the spike
protein intensely impeded V(D)J recombination.” Jiang & Mei, 2021.
“The data presented here indicate the need of a strict and thorough clinical surveillance on the future effects of the mass vaccination against the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.” Kanduc, 2021 (Lyons-Weiler, 2020 was first to conclude the Spike protein was autoreactogenic - and likely to affect the heart protein Titin.)
"Researchers created a “pseudovirus” that was surrounded by SARS-CoV-2 classic crown of spike proteins, but did not contain any actual virus. Exposure to this pseudovirus resulted in damage to the lungs and arteries of an animal model—proving that the spike protein alone was enough to cause disease. Tissue samples showed inflammation in endothelial cells lining the pulmonary artery walls." (Salk.edu). (Lei et al., 2021)
“In conclusion, these experiments reveal that Spike-induced degradation of endothelial junctional proteins affects endothelial barrier function and is the likely cause of vascular damage observed in COVID-19 affected individuals.”
(Raghavan et al, 2021). (Okamoto and Suzuki, 2017 for the importance of intact endothelial junctions.)
“We show that intravenously injected radioiodinated S1 (I-S1) readily crossed the blood–brain barrier in male mice, was taken up by brain regions and entered the parenchymal brain space. I-S1 was also taken up by the lung, spleen, kidney and liver.” (Rhea et al., 2021)
Have additional studies? Help a scientific out - drop them in the comments with a quote from the study w/their conclusions. Have a doctor? Give them a gift subscription, and I’ll keep these articles coming.
References
Kanduc, 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response and Sudden Death: Titin as a Link. Adv. Stud Biol 13:37-44. http://www.m-hikari.com/asb/asb2021/asb1-2021/p/kanducASB1-2021.pdf
Jiang H, Mei YF. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro. Viruses. 2021 Oct 13;13(10):2056. doi: 10.3390/v13102056. PMID: 34696485; PMCID: PMC8538446. https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/2056
Lei Y, Zhang J, Schiavon CR, He M, Chen L, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Cho Y, Andrade L, Shadel GS, Hepokoski M, Lei T, Wang H, Zhang J, Yuan JX, Malhotra A, Manor U, Wang S, Yuan ZY, Shyy JY. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2. Circ Res. 2021 Apr 30;128(9):1323-1326. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902. Epub 2021 Mar 31. PMID: 33784827; PMCID: PMC8091897. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8091897/pdf/res-128-1323.pdf
Raghavan S, Kenchappa DB, Leo MD. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Degradation of Junctional Proteins That Maintain Endothelial Barrier Integrity. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jun 11;8:687783. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.687783. PMID: 34179146; PMCID: PMC8225996. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.687783/full
Okamoto T, Suzuki K. The Role of Gap Junction-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Interaction in the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Blood Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 27;18(11):2254. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112254. PMID: 29077057; PMCID: PMC5713224. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/11/2254
Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Hansen KM, Williams LM, Reed MJ, Baumann KK, Holden SJ, Raber J, Banks WA, Erickson MA. The S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice. Nat Neurosci. 2021 Mar;24(3):368-378. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-00771-8. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33328624. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-00771-8.pdf
I have been collecting studies since the beginning of the pandemic, so have quite a long list. While not exhaustive, I have been saving the most important ones (to me) in a goggle doc:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10qDWzHN9cfLeRkn3WvOVeVVY_t_zQgoMjUaalJezRPg/edit
I'm not a scientist, but I have been collecting these links. Sorry, I don't have time to format them properly.
“In the current study, we show that S protein alone can damage vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by downregulating ACE2 and consequently inhibiting mitochondrial function.”
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2
Yuyang Lei, Jiao Zhang, Cara R. Schiavon, Ming He, Lili Chen, Hui Shen, Yichi Zhang, Qian Yin, Yoshitake Cho, Leonardo Andrade, Gerald S. Shadel, Mark Hepokoski, Ting Lei, Hongliang Wang, Jin Zhang, Jason X.-J. Yuan, Atul Malhotra, Uri Manor, Shengpeng Wang, Zu-Yi Yuan, John Y-J. Shyy See fewer authors
Originally published31 Mar 2021
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902
Circulation Research. 2021;128:1323–1326
“In this paper, we have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD binds to a number of aggregation-prone, heparin binding proteins including Aβ, α-synuclein, tau, prion, and TDP-43 RRM. These interactions suggests that the heparin-binding site on the S1 protein might assist the binding of amyloid proteins to the viral surface and thus could initiate aggregation of these proteins and finally leads to neurodegeneration in brain.”
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration
Danish Idrees 1, Vijay Kumar 2
Affiliations expand
PMID: 33789211 PMCID: PMC7988450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.100
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33789211/
“Key to our findings is the demonstration that S1 promotes loss of barrier integrity in an advanced 3D microfluidic model of the human BBB, a platform that more closely resembles the physiological conditions at this CNS interface. Evidence provided suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins trigger a pro-inflammatory response on brain endothelial cells that may contribute to an altered state of BBB function.”
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier
Author links open overlay panelTetyana P.BuzhdyganabBrandon J.DeOrecAbigailBaldwin-LeclaircTrent A.BullockabHannah M.McGaryaJana A.KhanaRoshanakRazmpouraJonathan F.HaleaPeter A.GaliecRaghavaPotulaabAllison M.AndrewsabServio H.Ramirez
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612030406X
Preprint:
“We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, efficiently primed, activated and strategically poised during biosynthesis, can exploit the CM's inherent membranous connectivity to drive heart damage directly, uncoupling clinically common myocardial injury from lymphocytic myocarditis, often suspected but rarely confirmed in COVID-19.”
SARS-CoV-2 direct cardiac damage through spike-mediated cardiomyocyte fusion
Jay W. Schneider 1 # , David R. Pease 1 #, Chanakha K. Navaratnarajah 2 #, Peter Halfmann 3, Daniel J. Clemens 4, Dan Ye 4, 5, Chang Sung Kim 4, 5, Alison Barkhymer 2, Stephen Cohle 6, Aron Banks 7, Arpit Mehta 7, Joseph Rantus 7, Tim L. Emmerzaal 8, Tamás Kozicz 8, Kyle G. Howell 9, Jon E. Charlesworth 9, Trace A. Christensen 9, Yoshihiro Kawaoka 3, 10, Leslie T. Cooper 11, Michael J. Ackerman 4, 5, Roberto Cattaneo 2, and Wanek Family Program for HLHS-Stem Cell Pipeline
https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr232448