Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies?
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Authors: J-D Masson, L Angrand, G Badran, R de Miguel, G Crépeaux
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Abstract
Aluminum (Al) salts are commonly used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines for almost a century. Despite this long history of use and the very large number of exposed individuals, data in the literature concerning the fate of these molecules after injection and their potential effects on the nervous system is limited. In the context of (i) an increase of exposure to Al salts through vaccination; (ii) the absence of safety values determined by health regulators; (iii) the lack of robustness of the studies used as references to officially claim Al adjuvant innocuity; (iv) the publication of several animal studies investigating Al salts clearance/biopersistence and neurotoxicity; we have examined in this review all published studies performed on animals and assessing Al adjuvants kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulation since the first work of A. Glenny in the 1920s. The diversity of methodological approaches, results, and potential weaknesses of the 31 collected studies are exposed. A large range of protocols has been used, including a variety of exposure schedule and analyses methods, making comparisons between studies uneasy. Nevertheless, published data highlight that when biopersistence, translocation, or neuromodulation were assessed, they were documented whatever the different in vivo models and methods used. Moreover, the studies pointed out the crucial importance of the different Al adjuvant physicochemical properties and host genetic background on their kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects. Regarding the state of the art on this key public health topic, further studies are clearly needed to determine the exact safety level of Al salts.
To cite this article:
J.-D. Masson, L. Angrand, G. Badran, R. de Miguel & G. Crépeaux (2022) Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies?, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688
Several decades ago, the public was advised to stop using aluminum pots and pans for boiling water and heating foods, for fear that some of it might leach into the contents. In other words, decades ago aluminum was already known to be a toxin. Shocking that so little attention has been paid since.
I've learned that the worst way to cause aluminum toxicity in the body is by injecting it directly into the blood stream with vaccines. I've also learned that animal testing is cruel.